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1.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 66(3): 00012, jul-sep 2020.
Article in Spanish | WHO COVID, LILACS (Americas) | ID: covidwho-2317921

ABSTRACT

Resumen Cuando apareció la enfermedad por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, no esperábamos su rápida expansión en el mundo y las graves consecuencias que traería. Se ha ido conociendo al virus morfológicamente y su accionar en el ambiente y en el organismo del ser humano, su mayor predisposición de enfermar a poblaciones vulnerables, como el adulto mayor, poblaciones con comorbilidad como obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión e inmunodepresión, predilección por el sexo masculino, mayor prevalencia en países con mayor pobreza, promiscuidad, zonas deprimidas económicamente, entre otros. Se ha tenido que improvisar y descartar diversos tratamientos en aquellos pacientes con enfermedad COVID-19 moderada y severa. Eventualmente se está disminuyendo la frecuencia de muertes con medidas de protección personal, distanciamiento social, cuarentena de emergencia, y combinación de medicamentos y administración de oxígeno. Pero aún no hay cura, y se está a la expectativa en la aparición de la vacuna. Con relación a la mujer, ella es comprometida en menor proporción y severidad por la enfermedad COVID-19, pero debe cumplir las medidas de prevención, especialmente si es frágil y tiene comorbilidades. Se ha postergado temporalmente su evaluación preventiva y las intervenciones quirúrgicas si no son de emergencia. En la gestante se está encontrando aumento de prematuridad, gestaciones frustras, lesiones placentarias y presencia del virus en anexos placentarios, con casos de morbilidad severa y muerte maternas. En este artículo se hace una puesta al día resumida sobre la situación de la enfermedad COVID-19 en el mundo y el Perú, enfatizando el cuidado de la mujer y de la gestante.


Abstract When COVID-19 appeared, we did not expect its rapid expansion throughout the world nor the serious consequences it would bring. We currently understand more about the virus' morphology and its activity in the environment and within the human body, as well as its greater predisposition to affect vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and persons with comorbidities like obesity, diabetes, hypertension and immunosuppression. This virus shows a predilection for men, and a higher prevalence in countries with greater poverty, promiscuity and economically depressed areas, among others. Various treatments have been tested and discarded in patients with moderate and severe disease. The frequency of deaths is decreasing due to personal protection measures, social distancing, emergency quarantine, and combination of medications and supplemental oxygen. However, there is still no cure, and we are waiting for the appearance of the vaccine. Women are less frequently and less severely affected; however, they should follow preventive measures, especially if frail with comorbidities. Preventive medical consultations and non-emergency surgical procedures have been temporarily postponed. Pregnant women are experiencing an increase in prematurity, fetal deaths, placental lesions and presence of the virus in placental adnexa, with cases of severe morbidity and maternal death. This article is an update on the situation of COVID-19 in the world and in Peru, emphasizing the care of women and pregnant women.

2.
Rev. peru. ginecol. obstet. (En línea) ; 68(1): 00011, ene.-mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | WHO COVID, LILACS (Americas) | ID: covidwho-2275313

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Varios países occidentales han iniciado la vuelta a la vida prepandemia al disminuir el número de infectados severos y muertes a pesar de la gran infectividad de la variante ómicron B2. Esto ocurre en medio de reclamos de la población cansada de las restricciones por el COVID-19, los problemas económicos y laborales consecuentes y con un sector antivacuna con importante presencia. El SARS-CoV-2 no desaparecerá, se presentarán nuevas variantes y se deberá estar alerta a sus amenazas y diseñar nuevas vacunas. Sin embargo, el ser humano está aprendiendo las medidas para no infectarse, la importancia de la autoprotección y de la familia, y la vigilancia del virus. Se ha logrado vacunas aún imperfectas que requieren refuerzos en intervalos relativamente cortos. Pero, muchos países no están aún preparados para enfrentar la pandemia -ahora endemia-, por demasiada confianza a una eventual desaparición del virus, la falta de recursos humanos y económicos para una mejor atención en salud, corrupción. La mujer es más sensible a la infección viral y se está haciendo vacunar para evitar la infección grave y muerte. La evidencia encuentra que la gestante con COVID-19 sufre más abortos, partos pretérmino y muerte intrauterina y perinatal. La placenta es la unidad más comprometida en su defensa al feto. La placentitis resultante causa insuficiencia placentaria y lesión hipóxico-isquémica fetal. Los recién nacidos tienen protección dada por el pasaje de anticuerpos maternos, con mayor duración los originados por las vacunas. Aún queda mucho por conocer sobre el futuro de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Pero ya es realidad un problema complejo e impactante producto de la infección la prolongación de los daños multiorgánicos ocurridos, aún con enfermedad leve, principalmente en los sistemas cardiovascular, pulmonar y cerebral, así como la alteración de la salud mental y el acortamiento de la vida.


ABSTRACT Several western countries have initiated the return to pre-pandemic life with the reduction in the number of severe infections and deaths despite of the high infectivity of the Omicron B2 variant. This is occurring amid complaints from the population tired of the restrictions due to COVID-19, the consequent economic and labor problems and with an antivaccine sector with an important presence. SARSCoV-2 will not disappear, new variants will emerge, and it will be necessary to be alert to its threats and design new vaccines. However, human beings are learning the measures to prevent infection, the importance of self-protection and of the family, and the surveillance of the virus. Imperfect vaccines have been developed that require boosters at relatively short intervals. However, many countries are not yet prepared to face the pandemic now endemic due to overconfidence in the eventual disappearance of the virus, lack of human and economic resources for better health care, and corruption. Women are more sensitive to viral infection and is getting vaccinated to avoid serious infection and death. Evidence finds that pregnant women with COVID-19 suffer more miscarriages, preterm deliveries, and intrauterine and perinatal death. The placenta is the unit most compromised in its defense of the fetus. The resulting placentitis causes placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxic-ischemic injury. Newborns are protected by the passage of maternal antibodies, with a longer duration of those originated by vaccines. Much remains to be known about the future of SARS-CoV-2 infection. But a complex and shocking problem resulting from the infection is already a reality - the prolongation of multiorgan damage, even with mild disease, mainly in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and cerebral systems, as well as the alteration of mental health and shortening of life.

3.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 67(8): 438-445, 2020 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-724561

ABSTRACT

COVID-19 infection also affects obstetric patients. Regular obstetric care has continued despite the pandemic. Case series of obstetric patients have been published. Neuroaxial techniques appear to be safe and it is important to obtain the highest possible rate of success of the blocks before a cesarean section. For this reason, it is recommended that the blocks be carried out by senior anesthesiologists. The protection and safety of professionals is a key point and in case of general anesthesia, so it is also recommended to call to the most expert anesthesiologist. Seriously ill patients should be recognized quickly and early, in order to provide them with the appropriate treatment as soon as possible. Susceptibility to thrombosis makes prophylactic anticoagulation a priority.


Subject(s)
Anesthesiologists , Betacoronavirus , Cesarean Section/standards , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Analgesia, Epidural/methods , Analgesia, Epidural/standards , Analgesia, Obstetrical/standards , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/standards , COVID-19 , Cesarean Section/methods , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Monitoring, Physiologic/standards , Pandemics/prevention & control , Patient Isolation/standards , Personal Protective Equipment , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Postoperative Care/methods , Postoperative Care/standards , Pregnancy , SARS-CoV-2 , Severity of Illness Index
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